Solar services
Solar panel recycling
What happens to a panel at end of life, how to choose a recycler, and when reuse beats recycling.
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Written by HyreSolar Research Desk Primary-source research and fact checking
The short answer
Solar panels are mostly glass, about 75% by weight according to EPA, with aluminum frames, copper wiring, silicon cells and small amounts of metals such as silver and sometimes lead or cadmium.
Recyclers remove the frame and junction box, separate glass from cells, then recover metals. EPA suggests choosing a recycler certified to R2 or e-Stewards.
Recycling in brief
About 75% by weight, per EPA.
R2 or e-Stewards.
Working panels still produce power.
How panel recycling works
EPA describes three steps: removing the frame and junction box; separating the glass and silicon wafer by thermal, mechanical or chemical means; and separating and purifying cells and metals like silver, tin, lead and copper. It also notes US recycling is not yet happening on a large scale.
Finding a recycler
EPA points to the DOE Solar Manufacturing Map, Earth911 and SEIA’s recycling resources, and to certifications such as R2 and e-Stewards. Some states regulate end-of-life panels as waste; ask your state environmental agency. Our recycling guide goes further.
Recycling your panels
Test whether panels still produce.
R2 or e-Stewards.
Usually part of decommissioning or re-roofing.
Panels stacked to avoid breakage.
Certificate of recycling for your records.
What decides recycling costs
Recycling is often a fee, not a payment.
| Factor | Effect on a solar Panel Recycling Service quote |
|---|---|
| Panel count | Priced per panel or by weight. |
| Transport distance | To the nearest recycler. |
| Panel type | Thin-film may be handled differently. |
| Removal labor | If not already done. |
| State rules | Some states set handling requirements. |
Removal costs: removal and reinstall costs.
Questions for a recycler
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Questions
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HyreSolar Research
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This page on solar Panel Recycling Service is general and varies by location, utility tariff, building code, roof and your own circumstances. It is not tax, legal or engineering advice.
HyreSolar is an independent information site: we do not install, finance, service or inspect solar systems, and we do not supervise or warrant anyone who does.