Solar by state
Rooftop solar by state
Adoption, prices, batteries, ownership and licensing for the 50 states and DC, computed from federal 2024 filings.
The short answer
Hawaii leads, with 22.04% of homes on rooftop solar in 2024, followed by California at 14.71%. Nationally the share is 3.55%. At the other end, Tennessee and Alabama are under 0.01%.
Where is rooftop solar most common?
Each square is one jurisdiction, shaded by the share of its homes with a net-metered rooftop system in 2024. Select a square to open that state.
- Under 0.5%
- 0.5% to 1.5%
- 1.5% to 3.5%
- 3.5% to 8%
- 8% and over
Open a state page
Each page carries that state’s own adoption, price, bill, system size, battery share, ownership split, outage minutes and growth, each ranked against the rest. 26 of the 51 also carry license-register checks.
- Alabama<0.01%
- Alaska0.91%
- Arizona10.11%
- Arkansas1.30%
- California14.71%
- Colorado7.03%
- Connecticut6.69%
- Delaware2.98%
- District of Columbia5.58%
- Florida2.77%
- Georgia0.39%
- Hawaii22.04%
- Idaho2.64%
- Illinois1.91%
- Indiana0.36%
- Iowa1.13%
- Kansas0.65%
- Kentucky0.48%
- Louisiana1.60%
- Maine2.00%
- Maryland4.42%
- Massachusetts6.48%
- Michigan0.52%
- Minnesota0.88%
- Mississippi0.13%
- Missouri1.02%
- Montana1.64%
- Nebraska0.31%
- Nevada10.23%
- New Hampshire3.45%
- New Jersey5.35%
- New Mexico6.54%
- New York3.06%
- North Carolina1.13%
- North Dakota0.02%
- Ohio0.54%
- Oklahoma0.89%
- Oregon2.82%
- Pennsylvania1.47%
- Rhode Island3.79%
- South Carolina1.55%
- South Dakota0.11%
- Tennessee<0.01%
- Texas1.06%
- Utah6.37%
- Vermont2.84%
- Virginia1.90%
- Washington1.76%
- West Virginia0.41%
- Wisconsin0.65%
- Wyoming1.02%
Which states lead on rooftop solar?
Hawaii and California are far ahead of the rest. Nevada and Arizona, the next two, sit near 10% with residential power at less than half California’s price.
Where is rooftop solar rarest?
In these five states, under one home in 500 had a net-metered rooftop system in 2024.
| State | Rank | Homes with solar | Residential price | Average system |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tennessee | 51 | under 0.01% | 12.4¢/kWh | 6.95 kW |
| Alabama | 50 | under 0.01% | 15.2¢/kWh | 11.45 kW |
| North Dakota | 49 | 0.02% | 11.5¢/kWh | 12.59 kW |
| South Dakota | 48 | 0.11% | 12.9¢/kWh | 7.75 kW |
| Mississippi | 47 | 0.13% | 13.4¢/kWh | 5.5 kW |
Does price explain the order? Less than the industry claims: prices and adoption across all 51.
How are the state figures produced?
Every figure on every state page is computed by HyreSolar from the Form EIA-861 annual files for 2024, the most recent final release. EIA publishes the inputs: utility-level capacity, installations, residential sales, revenue and customer accounts. It does not publish these ratios or rankings.
Adoption is residential net-metered installations divided by residential customer accounts. Average system size is net-metered capacity divided by installations. Residential price is revenue divided by sales. Ranks run highest first, out of the jurisdictions that report a figure.
Our price derivation matches EIA’s own published state price series across 357 overlapping state-years to within 0.005¢/kWh, which is EIA’s rounding. Full methodology and the data.
What the state figures do not tell you
Capacity under buyback, feed-in or utility-owned arrangements sits on a separate EIA schedule and is left out of every count here.
Adoption counts residential electricity accounts, which are not the same as households or dwellings.
The source holds no median, so a few large systems can pull an average size upward.
Where installation counts are low, year-to-year ratios move on small absolute changes. Read the systems count alongside any rate.
Register results cover the companies we identified, on the dates checked (June to August 2026), not every company in a state. A license current then may have lapsed since.
EIA-861 runs about two years behind. 2024 is the latest final release; the partial 2025 release is left out on purpose.
A state average describes a market. Your roof, your usage, your utility and your tax position decide your system.
State-level research
Computed from Form EIA-861 and federal utility filings.
State-level statistics
The underlying counts, published with the data behind them.
Rules that change by state
The policy layer that makes the same system pay back differently.
Questions
Which state has the most rooftop solar?
Do states with expensive electricity have more solar?
Why is there no page for every city?
Written and audited by
HyreSolar Research
Primary-source research, data analysis and fact checking
We are a research desk, not a sales floor. We read the statute, the tariff, the code section, the federal filing or the manufacturer data sheet ourselves, and we publish the figure with the document it came from and the date we retrieved it.
Where a number cannot be traced to a primary source, we publish the shorter page and say what we could not verify. That rule has cost us whole sections, and it is why the rest can be checked.
- 160
- primary sources read and cited
- 228
- figures with a retrieval date
- 115
- federal and state government sources
- 66
- researched pages published
How this desk works
- Primary sources only. Statutes from the legislature’s own publishing system, federal data from the agency that collects it, code text from the adopted edition, manufacturer claims from the data sheet. We do not cite an article that cites a source; we go and read the source.
- Every figure carries its provenance. A named document and the date we retrieved it, so you can check it and so you know how old it is. Retrieval dates are not decoration: an EIA rate from May is a different fact from an EIA rate from August.
- We publish what we could not verify. Every research page carries a section naming the things we tried to establish and could not, and why. A paywalled standard, a state website that refused the request, a manufacturer that publishes no figure at all.
- We separate measurement from modeling from our own reasoning, and label which is which on the page. A laboratory measurement, an assumption inside a modeling tool and our own inference are three different kinds of claim and they are never presented as one.
- We do not sell solar, and we take no payment for placement, ranking or a favorable mention. Nobody buys a position on this site.
Data as of EIA-861 2024 final release. Authorship on this site is organizational: the analysis belongs to the desk rather than to a named individual, and we do not publish credentials we do not hold. Our editorial policy sets out how we source, date and correct what we publish.
The data behind this page
Every figure on this page is computed from one file, and that file is published here so the analysis can be checked, disagreed with, or reused.
Sources & retrieval dates
Ready to look at your own home?
A state average sets the scene. Your roof, your bill and your utility decide the rest.