Solar by state
Solar in Texas, by the numbers
Utilities and their rates, adoption, ten years of growth, batteries, ownership, state rules and installer licensing in Texas, from federal 2024 data.
Texas in brief
1.06% of Texas homes had rooftop solar in 2024, the 20th-lowest of 51 (3.55% nationally). Power cost 14.94¢/kWh, below the national 16.48¢, and the average system was 7.37 kW. 56% of homes buy from retail electric providers.
Where does Texas stand out?
The four measures, beyond price and adoption, on which Texas sits furthest from the middle of the ranking.
Texas solar in numbers, 2024
Every Texas figure next to the national one, with its place in the ranking (highest first, out of the jurisdictions reporting it).
| Measure | Texas | United States | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homes with a metered rooftop system | 1.06% | 3.55% | 20th-lowest of 51 |
| Rooftop systems counted | 133,501 | 5,077,543 | 9th-highest of 51 |
| Average system size | 7.37 kW | 6.74 kW | 24th-lowest of 51 |
| Residential price | 14.94¢/kWh | 16.48¢/kWh | 24th-highest of 51 |
| Average monthly bill | $163.72 | $142.26 | 6th-highest of 51 |
| Use per home | 13,154 kWh/yr | 10,359 kWh/yr | 6th-highest of 51 |
| Systems with a battery | 2.72% | 5.86% | 15th-highest of 47 |
| Leased or on a PPA | 24.1% | 29.1% | 15th-highest of 38 |
| Growth in systems, five years | 22.0% a year | — | 20th-lowest of 51 |
| Minutes without power per customer | 1,614 | 297 (median state) | 3rd-highest of 51 |
| Homes on a time-varying rate | 2.7% | 11.1% | 20th-highest of 51 |
| Installed rooftop capacity | 984.0 MW | 34,226 MW | — |
Source: US EIA, Form EIA-861, 2024 final release, retrieved 2 September 2026. The Texas ratios and ranks are HyreSolar calculations from EIA inputs.
Which utility serves Texas, and what does it charge?
The 8 largest utilities selling to Texas homes, by residential customers, with the price full-service customers paid and how many run net-metered solar.
| Utility | Type | Homes served | Price per kWh | Use per home, monthly | Net-metered systems |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City of San Antonio | Municipal | 865,914 (6.9%) | 12.43¢ | 1,070 kWh | 46,442 (5.4%) |
| Austin Energy | Municipal | 507,291 (4.1%) | 12.58¢ | 834 kWh | None reported |
| Entergy Texas | Investor-owned | 457,369 (3.7%) | 13.66¢ | 1,210 kWh | 5,341 (1.2%) |
| Pedernales Electric Co-op | Co-op | 405,587 (3.2%) | 12.22¢ | 1,191 kWh | 12,496 (3.1%) |
| El Paso Electric Company | Investor-owned | 312,576 (2.5%) | 13.46¢ | 710 kWh | 25,266 (8.1%) |
| Denton County Electric Co-op | Co-op | 298,734 (2.4%) | 13.77¢ | 1,208 kWh | 8,920 (3.0%) |
| Southwestern Public Service Company | Investor-owned | 222,146 (1.8%) | 13.35¢ | 957 kWh | None reported |
| Southwestern Electric Power Company | Investor-owned | 156,271 (1.3%) | 12.03¢ | 1,058 kWh | None reported |
Source: US EIA, Form EIA-861 2024, Sales to Ultimate Customers and Net Metering, utility level, retrieved 5 October 2026. Shares are of 12,523,743 Texas residential accounts. Each Texas price is residential revenue divided by sales for full-service customers (HyreSolar calculation); a wires company’s price is its default-service price.
What do the Texas utility figures mean for a solar quote?
EIA-861 lists 83 utilities serving homes in Texas in 2024, across 12,523,743 residential accounts. The three largest, City of San Antonio, Austin Energy and Entergy Texas, served 14.6% of those homes. By ownership: retail electric providers 55.8%, electric cooperatives 19.4%, municipal utilities 14.7% and investor-owned utilities 9.2%.
55.8% of Texas homes bought power from one of 58 retail electric providers.
In that competitive area the wires company reports no residential sales to EIA, which is why it is missing from the table.
Each provider’s plan, not the wires company, sets what exported solar earns, so ask a provider for its buyback terms in writing before you sign.
City of San Antonio, the largest, served 865,914 Texas homes (6.9%). Its full-service residential customers paid 12.43¢ per kWh, below the Texas average of 14.94¢, and used 1,070 kWh a month on average. 46,442 of its customers ran net-metered rooftop solar, 5.4% of its homes against 1.06% statewide.
Among the 71 Texas utilities with at least 5,000 residential customers and a full-service price, the price ran from 8.71¢ at Kerrville Public Utility Board to 18.51¢ at Rio Grande Electric Co-op. At the Texas average of 13,154 kWh a year, that 9.80¢ gap is worth about $1,289 a year (our arithmetic), so the same system offsets more money in one territory than the other.
Price a quote on your own utility’s rate, not the 14.94¢ Texas average.
Rooftop solar is concentrated: City of San Antonio alone accounts for 46,442 net-metered residential systems, about 35% of the 133,501 counted in Texas, and 58 Texas utilities reported any at all. The highest adoption among the larger utilities was at El Paso Electric Company, where 8.1% of homes had a system.
What does power cost in Texas, and why does it matter?
Residential electricity in Texas averaged 14.94¢ per kilowatt-hour in 2024, the 24th-highest of 51 and below the national 16.48¢. The price sits near the middle of the 51. With the retail rate unremarkable, what your utility pays for exported power can decide the result.
The average Texas household bill was $163.72 a month ($1,965 a year), the 6th-highest of 51, against $142.26 nationally. That $1,965 is the ceiling on what solar could save a typical Texas home, before fixed monthly charges.
Only 2.7% of Texas homes were on a time-varying rate in 2024 (11.1% nationally), so a flat rate is the likely starting point. 95.1% of Texas residential meters were smart meters (83.8% nationally), and a time-varying rate needs one. How time-of-use changes solar.
How many Texas homes have solar?
Texas had 133,501 rooftop systems on net metering in 2024, across 12,547,863 residential accounts: 1.06% of homes, the 20th-lowest of 51. Adoption in Texas sits in the middle of the 51: neither an early market nor a late one.
The Texas market counted 11,317 more systems in 2024 than in 2023 and has grown 22.0% a year over five years, the 20th-lowest of 51. Where growth has turned nationally.
How has Texas solar changed since 2014?
Texas counted 9,993 net-metered rooftop systems in 2014 and 133,501 in 2024, 13.4 times as many. The share of homes with one moved from 0.10% to 1.06%. The biggest one-year addition came in 2023, with 24,823 more systems than the year before.
| Year | Rooftop systems | Share of homes | Average size | Residential price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 9,993 | 0.10% | 6.2 kW | 11.86¢ |
| 2016 | 28,326 | 0.27% | 6.0 kW | 10.99¢ |
| 2018 | 27,459 | 0.25% | 5.9 kW | 11.20¢ |
| 2020 | 63,227 | 0.55% | 6.3 kW | 11.71¢ |
| 2022 | 97,361 | 0.81% | 6.9 kW | 13.76¢ |
| 2024 | 133,501 | 1.06% | 7.4 kW | 14.94¢ |
Source: US EIA, Form EIA-861 annual files 2014–2024, net-metered residential systems, retrieved 2 September 2026. Texas shares and sizes are HyreSolar calculations.
What does the Texas trend mean for a savings estimate?
Over the same years the Texas residential price went from 11.86¢ to 14.94¢ per kWh, up 26%, and the average system from 6.2 kW to 7.4 kW. A rate that has risen that far makes a 2024 bill a conservative base for a Texas savings estimate only if the trend continues, which nobody can promise.
How big is a typical Texas system?
The average Texas system was 7.37 kW in 2024, the 24th-lowest of 51, against 6.74 kW nationally. Texas homes used 13,154 kilowatt-hours a year each, the 6th-highest of 51.
A Texas home using 13,154 kWh is an average, not a design input: size from your own twelve months of bills and usable roof with cost by system size and the system size calculator.
Who owns the systems in Texas?
In Texas, 24.1% of systems were third-party owned in 2024: leased, or on a power purchase agreement (PPA), rather than owned by the household. That is the 15th-highest of 38, against 29.1% nationally.
Leases and power purchase agreements are a minority in Texas, and may be offered alongside purchase. Whoever owns a Texas system claims any tax credit on it: Section 48E explained.
Do Texas homes add batteries?
In Texas, 2.72% of solar systems were paired with a battery in 2024 (3,634 systems), the 15th-highest of 47. Texas’s share is well under half the national 5.86%.
On reliability, the average Texas customer went 1,614 minutes without power in 2024 counting major storms, and 153 minutes without them. The median state saw 297. Outages in every state.
Whether a battery pays in Texas turns on your utility’s export credit and your own outage history: what a home battery does.
Which Texas solar laws have we read?
Texas statutes we read ourselves. Any rule not listed here is one we have not read, not one that does not exist.
How long you have to cancel a contract
5 business days, from execution by the buyer. The Texas rule is written for residential solar specifically.
Occ. Code § 1806.156. Read at source September 2, 2026. Solar sales rules by state
Property tax on the added value
Exemption of the added appraised value, for a device primarily for on-site use; it also covers a device owner who does not own the land, which reaches leased systems.
Tax Code § 11.27. Read from a third-party copy of the code on September 2, 2026, not yet confirmed against the state’s own publisher. Property tax exemptions
What an HOA can and cannot block
The Texas access statute tests an association’s restriction two ways. On cost: no cost trigger found in the enacted text. On output: an association’s alternative roof location wins only if it raises estimated annual production by more than 10%.
Property Code § 202.010. Read at source September 2, 2026. Solar access rights by state
How do you check a solar company’s license in Texas?
We checked 11 Texas solar companies from June to August 2026 against the state license register. 18.2% of those did not hold a current license when checked (2 expired).
Ask which license a company holds, then confirm the number with the issuing authority yourself.
These counts describe the companies we checked on those dates, not every company in Texas, and a license current then may have lapsed since. How to verify a solar license.
Which states are closest to Texas on adoption?
The six jurisdictions nearest to Texas’s 1.06% share of homes with rooftop solar.
Where do the Texas numbers come from?
The Texas figures are HyreSolar calculations from the Form EIA-861 annual files: 133,501 net-metered residential systems counted against 12,547,863 residential accounts, sizes as means, and 83 utility-level rows for the utility table, matched to net-metering records by EIA utility number.
The method and limits cover all 51; the Texas row is in the data as a CSV.
No Texas figure here is an estimate for one home: your roof, usage, utility tariff and tax position decide that.
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Questions
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Do Texas homeowners add batteries to solar?
Is Texas a good state for solar?
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Can I cancel a solar contract in Texas?
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